Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• -substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water. It was found that the Cu NPs/bentonite is a highly active and recyclable catalyst for related reactions. Keywords: heterogeneous catalyst; modified bentonite; nanocomposite; 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles; Introduction

• by FE-SEM (Cam scan MV2300). The chemical composition of the modified bentonite was measured by EDX performed in a SEM. TEM images were obtained using a Philips-EM-2085 transmission electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were performed on a

• ][24][25][26][27]. The structural modifications of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets due to the adsorbed Cu(II) cations and formation of Cu NPs on bentonite influenced the fundamental vibrations of the Si–O and H2O groups (Figure 2b). From the FTIR spectrum of the modified bentonite sample (Figure